2024, Volume 21, Issue 1
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Zaual Khadzhi-Muratovich Ionov DOUBLE SURNAMES AMONG CIRCASSIANS IN HOMELAND AND DIASPORA COMMUNITIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
For citation Received on 5 March 2023 Abstract: The study comparatively examines the extralinguistic factors influencing the prevalence of double surnames among Circassians residing in their ancestral territory and within the Turkish diaspora. Drawing from scholarly literature on Adyghe anthroponymy, as well as fieldwork conducted by the author between 2019 and 2022 in the Turkish city of Kayseri and surrounding villages inhabited by a dense Circassian population, the research explores the phenomenon of double surnames, defined as the simultaneous or consecutive use of two surnames within a single family or clan. The author contends that while the evolution of double Circassian surnames is rooted in historical narratives transmitted across generations, the rationales behind their emergence differ between the homeland and the Turkish diaspora. In their native land, secondary surnames typically arise from commonplace or social occurrences (such as family incidents, redemption from captors, or the acquisition of surnames from noble or affluent families). Conversely, in Turkey, the adoption of parallel surnames among Circassian families is exclusively linked to state policies aimed at integrating and assimilating immigrants into the Turkic milieu. Keywords: Adyghe; Circassians; Adyghe languages; Kabardian (East Circassian) language; onomastics; anthroponymy; double surnames; Circassian diaspora in Turkey References Beituganov, S. N. (1989). Kabardinskie familii: istoki i sud’by [Kabardian Surnames: Origins and Destinies]. Nalchik: Elbrus. Bliagoz, Z. U., & Tkharkakho, Yu. A. (2002). Adygeiskie familii i imena [Adyghe Surnames and Names]. Maikop: Adygeia. Karnovich, E. P. (1991). Rodovye prozvaniia [Family Nicknames]. St Petersburg: Izd-vo MFIN. Kokov, D. N., & Kokova, L. D. (1993). Kabardino-cherkesskie familii [East Circassian Surnames]. Nalchik: Elbrus. Kokov, Dzh. N. (1983). Iz adygskoi (cherkesskoi) onomastiki [From Adyghe (Circassian) Onomastics]. Nalchik: Elbrus. Kokova, L. D. (2003). Leksiko-semanticheskie i grammaticheskie tipy antroponimov v kabardinocherkesskom iazyke [Lexico-semantic and Grammatical Types of Anthroponyms in the Kabardian Language] (Doctoral dissertation). Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov, Nalchik. Madieva, G. B., & Suprun, V. I. (2010). Antroponimy kak sredstvo vyrazheniia natsional’noi kul’tury [Anthroponyms as a Means of Expressing National Culture]. Izvestiia Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 6(50), 96–102. Meretukov, K. Kh. (1987). Slovoobrazovatel’nyi i strukturno-grammaticheskii analiz nekotorykh adygeiskikh toponimov [Word-formation and Structural-grammatical Analysis of Some Adyghe Toponyms]. In Z. U. Bliagoz (Ed.), Leksika i slovoobrazovanie v adygeiskom iazyke [Vocabulary and Word Formation in the Adyghe Language] (pp. 55–74). Maikop: Adyg. otd. Krasnodar. kn. izd-va. Namitokova, R. Yu., & Abregov, A. N. (1998). V mire imen sobstvennykh [In the World of Proper Names]. Maikop: Izd-vo AGU. Pshchybiev, I. Kh. (1996). Sherdzheskhem zerakh’e unets1ekhemre zeryzedzhezh ts1ekhemre [Surnames and Names of Circassians]. Nalchik: Elbrus. (In Circassian) Pshchybiev, I. Kh. (2003). Sherdzheskhem zerakh’e unets1ekhemre damyg"ekhemre [Surnames and Tamgas of Circassians]. Nalchik: Elbrus. (In Circassian) Turkoz Meltem, F. (2004). The Social Life of the State’s Fantasy: Memories and Documents on Turkey’s 1934 Surname Law. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3125908.
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