2019, Volume 16, Issue 4
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Blanca María Prósper Language Change at the Crossroads: What Celtic, What Venetic, and What Else in the Personal Names of Emona?
Voprosy onomastiki, 2019, Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 33–73 (in English) Received 5 August 2019 Abstract: This work deals with a number of arguably misinterpreted names found on inscriptions from Emona in Central Slovenia. While many of them have been recently attributed to an Indo-European, otherwise unknown dialect (associated with onomastic data referred to as “Iggian” or “North Adriatic”), the author shows that contact linguistics and Celtic dialectology are instrumental in their correct analysis, and that they all can be classified as either Eastern Gaulish or Italic. In the author’s view, existence of such linguistic or onomastic systems as “Iggian” or “North-Adriatic” is uneconomic and based on alleged phonetic and morphological features that remain unconvincing. An in-depth analysis of the names, including some novel readings of several Pannonian inscriptions, reveal that they are often the product of scribal misunderstandings or lack of experience, which can be explained based on the achievements of historical and typological phonetics and morphophonology in a wide Indo-European perspective. Historically, the studied names bear witness to the impact of late Venetic migrations to synchronically Celtic-speaking urban nuclei: the analysis shows that the Venetic layer seems to be superficial in Emona and mostly consists of forms attested elsewhere, which are occasionally reflected as they would be perceived by native speakers of a Celtic language. As for the names of Gaulish ancestry attested in Emona, they seem to have been transmitted by Gauls who were literate in Latin and well aware of the standardised transcription of Gaulish names. The analysis reveals regular differences between the scribal traditions of Ig and Šmarata, which, in their turn, support the phonetical and morphological argumentation. Keywords: Indo-European, Celtic, Gaulish, Italic, Venetic, personal names, Latin epigraphy, Emona, Pannonia, language contacts. References AAeg — Bohn, R., & Schuchhardt, C. (1889). Altertümer von Aegae. Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Ergänzungsheft, 2. Berlin: Reimer. Adamik, B. (2011). „Fehlerhafte“ lateinische Inschriften aus Pannonien. In S. Kiss, L. Mondin, & G. Salvi (Eds.), Latin et langues romanes. Études de linguistique offertes à József Herman à l’occasion de son 80ème anniversaire (pp. 257–266). Tübingen: De Gruyter. AE — Cagnat, R. et al. (Eds.). (1888–). L’Année Epigraphique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. AIJ — Hoffiller, V., & Saria, B. (1970). Antike Inschriften aus Jugoslawien. 1: Noricum und Pannonia superior. Amsterdam: Hakkert. Alderete, J. D., & Frisch, S. A. 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