2015 №1 (18)
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Nikolai M. Shvarev Russian Names with the Stem Balah(o)n- in Historical and Etymological Perspective
Voprosy onomastiki (Problems of Onomastics), 2015, Issue 1 (18), pp. 134–164 (in Russian) Received 24 November 2013 Abstract: The article analyzes the origin of Russian personal and place names with the stem Balah(o)n-. The author argues that originally the stem in question was part of the Old Novgorodian diminutive personal name or surname *Balahno formed from an abridged common noun starting with bala- by adding the suffix -hno typical of Old Novgorodian anthroponyms. Based on the analysis of Russian common nouns starting with the onomatopoetic bala-, the author suggests that *Balahno could be used for naming people that spoke fluently, fast and incomprehensibly. If so, the originally Novgorodian name could have spread — with migratory movements — to other areas where it designated foreigners speaking languages unknown to Old Novgorodians. Thereby, fixed in toponymy, the stem Balah(o)n- serves as a specific territorial marker of Novgorodian colonization and indicates the areas where Novgorodians contacted peoples speaking unknown languages. The linguo-geographic analysis of personal and place names with the stem Balah(o)n- as compared with historical and archaeological data brings to conclude that these were eastern Finnic peoples, including, probably, Merya, Muroma, old Mordvinian and Udmurt tribes. Key words: Russian language, historical onomastics, anthroponymy, toponymy, etymology, Volga River region, city of Balakhna, Novgorodian colonization, language contacts, Volga Finns References Ageeva, R. A. (1974). Substratnaia gidronimiia zapadnoi chasti Kalininskoi oblasti (v granitsakh istoricheskoi Derevskoi piatiny) [Substrate Toponymy of the Western Part of Kalinin Oblast (Withihn the Historical Borders of Derevsakaya Pyatina)]. Voprosy geografii, 94, 104–111. Ageeva, R. A. (1989). 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