2015 №1 (18)

Back to the Table of Contents

Vladislav V. Alpatov
Moscow City Teacher Training University
Moscow, Russia

Place-Names with Biblical Associations in England and Other Countries of Western Europe: A Chronology and Motivation

Voprosy onomastiki (Problems of Onomastics), 2015, Issue 1 (18), pp. 17–46 (in Russian)
DOI: 10.15826/vopr_onom.2015.1.002

Received 24 March 2015

Abstract: The article is devoted to classification and description of place-names with Biblical associations from the Old and New Testament. The analysis is mainly based on English toponymy, however, frequent parallels are drawn from Germany and France, also, to a lesser degree, from Belgium, Holland, Scandinavian countries and Russia. This approach allows to define the chief groups of name-givers and the basic motivations for the transference of names in Western Europe. The author distinguishes between two broad periods in this process: prior to the Reformation and posterior to it. In the first period, the strongest impetus to the transference of Biblical names is given by the Crusades, Biblical names are then bestowed on monasteries, private residences of nobility and parts of the Orders’ property. The second period is determined by the new Scriptural mindset of Protestantism, especially Calvinistic and other Nonconformist movements. As contrasted to the first period, Biblical names are then mostly used for churches, charities, private residences of pastors and religious landowners. The author discusses the evolution of names transference from the 7–9th centuries to the present time, establishing peaks of Biblical place names attestation frequency (13–14th and 18–19th centuries) and groups of names which dominated in different periods. Particular attention is paid to some specific ways of naming and the description of toponymic microsystems. The author consolidates a large number of language data scattered in different publications and suggests new explanations for some place names.

Key words: place-names with Christian associations, Biblical allusions, English placenames, transferred placenames, motivation of place-names, nomination strategies, name studies

References

Abbaye de Bithaine. Retrieved from http://www.abbaye-bithaine.com/Intro.html.

Alpatov, V. V. (2010). Angliiskie metaforicheskie toponimy s khristianskimi assotsiatsiiami [English Metaphorical Place Names with Christian Associations]. Voprosy onomastiki, 2 (9), 86–94.

Armstrong, A. M., et. al. (1950). The Place-Names of Cumberland (Vols 1–3). Cambridge: CUP.

Bach, A. (1952−1954). Deutsche Namenkunde [German Onomastics] (Vol. 2, Parts 1–2). Heidelberg: Winter.

Benyan, J. (2012–2013). Puteshestvie piligrima v Nebesnuiu Stranu [The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World to That Which is to Come] (Vols 1–2). Saint Petersburg: Visson.

Berezovich, E. L. (1997). Bibleiskaia leksika v toponimii Russkogo Severa [Biblical Words in Russian North Toponymy]. Izvestiia Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. “Problemy obrazovaniia, nauki i kul'tury”, 2 (5), 77–87.

Bethlem Royal Hospital. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlem_Royal_Hospital.

Bibliia. Na tserkovnoslavianskom, russkom, grecheskom, evreiskom i latinskom iazykakh [The Holy Bible in the Church Slavic, Russian, Greek, Hebrew and Latin Languages]. Retrieved from http://azbyka.ru/biblia/.

Brink, S. (1996). The Onomasticon and the Role of Analogy in Name Formation. Namn och Bygd: Tidskrift för Nordisk ortnamnsforskning, 84, 61–96.

Carrière, V. (1911). Bibliographie: Dr V. Leblond et Maurice Lecomte, Les privilèges de l’abbaye de Rebaisen-Brie. Melun, Michelin, 1910 [Bibliography: Dr V. Leblond and Maurice Lecomte, The Privileges of the Abbaye in Rebais-en-Brie. Melun, Michelin, 1910]. Revue d’histoire de l’Église de France, 2 (10), 486–487.

Coones, P. (1984–1985). Euroclydon: A Biblical Place-Name. Journal of the English Place-Name Society, 18, 38–39.

Dauzat, A. (1928). Les noms de lieux. Origine et evolution. Villes et villages [Place Names. Origin and Evolution. Cities and Villages]. Paris: Delagrave.

Dauzat, A., & Rostaing Ch. (1989). Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieux en France [An Etymological Dictionary of Place-Names of France]. Paris: Librairie Guénégaud.

Des hameaux et rivières nivernais aux noms hérités des croisades [From Villages and Rivers of Nivernais to Names Inherited from Crusades]. Retrieved from http://www.lejdc.fr/nievre/actualite/pays/val-deloire/2014/07/24/des-ham....

Dodgson, J. McN. (1970). The Place-Names of Cheshire (Vols 1–5). Cambridge: CUP.

Dunkling, L., & Wright, G. (1987). A Dictionary of Pub Names. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Euroclydon. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/midlandexplorerboy/5082865039/.

Field, J. (1972). English Field Names. A Dictionary. Newton Abbots: David and Charles.

Field, J. (1980). Place-names of Greater London. London: Batsford.

Field, J. (1993). A History of English Field Names. London: Routledge.

Gallows. Retrieved from http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gallows&allowed_in_frame=0.

Geschichte der Stadt Montabaur [The History of the City of Montabaur]. Retrieved from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_Stadt_Montabaur.

Gough, A. Golgotha, England. Retrieved from http://andrewgough.co.uk/golgotha-england.

Gurevich, A. Ia. (1984). Kategorii srednevekovoi kul'tury [Categories of Medieval Culture]. Moscow: Iskusstvo.

History of Sinai Park House. Retrieved from http://sinaiparkhouse.co.uk/history/.

Horovitz, D. (2005). The Place-names of Staffordshire. Brewood: [s. n.].

Hough, C. (2001). Notes on Some Scottish Field Names. Names, 49 (1), 37–54.

Isaksson, S. (1993). Ark. In G. Hallberg et al. (Eds.), Nordiska orter och ord: Festskrift till Bengt Pamp på 65-årsdagen den 3. november 1993 (pp. 112–114). Lund: J. Lindells Grafiska AB.

Kasteel Jerusalem. Retrieved from http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasteel_Jerusalem.

Kökeritz, H. (1940). The Place-Names of the Isle of Wight. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeriaktiebolag.

Laan, A. van der (2002). Introduction. In A. van der Laan & F. Akkerman (Eds.), Rudolph Agricola: Letters (pp. 3–60). Assen: Van Gorcum.

La Commune de Saint Vérain [The Commune of Saint Vérain]. Retrieved from http://comcom-puisayenivernaise.fr/index.php?option=com_content&id=23:la....

Lavergne, G. (1929). Les noms de lieux d’origine ecclésiasticque [Place-Names of Church Origin]. Revue d’histoire de l’Église de France, 15 (68), 319–332.

Lidov, A. M. (Ed.). (2006). Novye Ierusalimy. Perenesenie sakral'nykh prostranstv v khristianskoi kul'ture: materialy mezhdunar. simp. [New Jerusalems. Sacral Space Transference in Christian Culture. Proceedings of the International Symposium]. Moscow: Indrik.

McGrath, A. Bogoslovskaia mysl' reformatsii [Reformation Thought]. Retrieved from http://lib.kdais.kiev.ua/files/bogosl_misl_reformacii.pdf.

Marwick, H. (1970). The place-names of Birsay. Aberdeen: AUP.

Mills, A. D. (1975–2010). Place-names of Dorset (Vols. 1–4). Nottingham: EPNS.

Moody, R. (1981). “I name thee-”. Bulletin of the Yorkshire branch of the Wesley Historical Society, 39, 8–11.

Nègre, E. (1990–1998). Toponymie générale de la France: Etymologie de 35000 noms de lieux [General Toponymy of France. Etymology of 35.000 Place-Names] (Vols. 1–3). Genève: Librairie Droz.

Otin, E. S. (2003). Konnotativnyie onimy i ikh proizvodnyie v istoriko-etimologicheskom slovare russkogo iazyka [Connotative Proper Names and Their Derivates in an Historical and Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Voprosy jazykoznanija, 2, 55–71.

Owen, H. W. (1981). English and Welsh Place-Names in Three Lordships of Flintshire. Nomina, 5, 48–53.

Padel, O. (1982). Cornwall as a border area. Nomina, 6, 18–22.

Peake, A. S. et al. (Eds.). (1962). Peake’s Commentary on the Bible. London: Nelson.

Peters, E. (Ed.). (1980). Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe. London: Scolar.

Podosinov, A. V. (2006). «Eto Ierusalim! Ia postavil ego sredi narodov…». O meste Ierusalima na srednevekovykh kartakh [“This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations...” On the Place of Jerusalem on Medieval Maps]. In A. M. Lidov (Ed.), Novye Ierusalimy. Perenesenie sakral'nykh prostranstv v khristianskoi kul'ture: materialy mezhdunar. simp [New Jerusalems. Sacral Space Transference in Christian Culture. Proceedings of the International Symposium]. (pp. 30–34). Moscow: Indrik.

Potter’s field. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter’s_field.

Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia [Orthodox Encyclopedia] (2010–). (Vols. 1–). Moscow: Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia.

Prutz, H. Kulturgeschichte der Kreuzzüge [The Cultural History of Crusades]. Retrieved from https://books.google.ru/books?id=ALzSJFhYWJ4C&dq=elbing+emaus+und+jerusa....

Reaney, P. H. (1943). The Place-Names of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. Cambridge: CUP.

Reaney, P. H. (1987). The Origin of English Place-names. London; New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Rentnaar, R. (1985). Vernoemingsnamen: Een onderzoek naar de rol van de vernoeming in de nederlandse toponymie [Eponymized Place-Names: A Survey of the Role of Eponimization in the Toponymy of the Netherlands]. Amsterdam: Meertens-Instituut.

Rineker, F., & Maier, G. (2012). Bibleiskaia entsiklopediia Brokgauza [The Brockhaus Biblical Encyclopedia]. Moscow: Kostiukov.

Rodionova, I. V. (2000). Imena bibleisko-khristianskoi traditsii v russkikh narodnykh govorakh [Names of Biblical Christian Tradition in the Russian Dialects] (Doctoral dissertation). Ekaterinburg: Ural State University.

Rodionova, I. V. (2004). Derivaty bibleiskikh antroponimov v narodnoi iazykovoi traditsii (slovarnye materialy) [Derivatives of Biblical Anthroponyms in the Popular Linguistic Tradition]. Voprosy onomastiki, 1, 121–144.

Skellingthorpe. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skellingthorpe.

Skellingthorpe, Jerusalem Chapel. Retrieved from http://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/upload/public/attachments/1162/skellingth....

Soultrait, G. de (1865). Dictionnaire topographique du Département de la Nièvre comprenant les noms de lieu anciens et modernes [A Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Nièvre Comprising Ancient and Modern Place-Names]. Paris: Imprirmerie Impériale.

Suchaux, L. (1866). La Haute-Saône: dictionnaire historique, topographique et statistique des communes du département [Haute-Saône: A Historical, Topographic and Statistical Dictionary of the Department’s Communes]. Vesoul: A. Suchaux.

The Pilgrim’s Progress from this world to that which is to come by John Bunyan. Retrieved from http:// www.gutenberg.org/files/131/131-h/131-h.htm.

Vorobiev, V. M. (2005). Tverskoi toponimicheskii slovar'. Nazvaniia naselennykh punktov [Tver Toponymic Dictionary. Names of Settlements]. Moscow: Rus. put'.