ВОПРОСЫ ОНОМАСТИКИ | PROBLEMS OF ONOMASTICS

Eleonora F. Shafranskaya
Moscow City Teacher Training University
Moscow, Russia

Repercussions of a Metaphor of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

Voprosy onomastiki (Problems of Onomastics), 2014, Issue 2 (17), pp. 78–92 (in Russian)

Received 3 November 2013

Abstract: The article explores the specificity of metaphorical usage of the kotaikonym tashkentsy ‘Tashkenters’ by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in The Tashkenters Clique. Owing to Saltykov-Shchedrin, in the late 19th century press, literature and everyday communication the name of the inhabitants of Tashkent turned into a designation of the Russians who went to Tashkent with a civilizing mission. This name, being strongly negative, emerges in Saltykov’s work as an allusion to the odious project of the colonization of Turkestan by the Russian Empire. In the 20th century, after the Revolution, this katoikonym underwent another reevaluation and was included in an opposite semantic paradigm meaning salvational locus, symbolic rear in the East of the country. The author traces the way of semantic evolution of the word tashkentsy — from Saltykov’s denomination to the appearance of the antiphrastic meaning up to the disappearance of the name with its reconsidered meaning from the Russian linguistic space — with reference to the 19th century press and the works of F. Dostoyevsky,  N. Leskov, N. Karazin, L. Tolstoy and A. Neverov.

Key words: Russian language, literary onomastics, katoikonym, dweller names, connotations of proper names, precedent proper name, Saltykov-Shchedrin, The Tashkenters Clique, Tashkent, Turkistan, Dostoyevsky, Karazin, Leskov, Ogarev

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