2019, Volume 16, Issue 1
|
Andrey D. Kaksin Toponymic System as a Resource to Explore the Ancient History of a Region: the Case of Khakassia
Voprosy onomastiki, 2019, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp. 213–221 (in Russian) Received 17 September 2017 Abstract: The article addresses a number of issues related to the origins of hydronyms in Southern Siberia, primarily in Khakassia. The author adopts the earlier proposed theory, according to which the aboriginal ethnic groups of Southern Siberia, belonging mainly to the Ural and Yenisei linguistic families, were almost completely assimilated by the Turkic-speaking peoples who came to their land. This naturally led to the formation of a late stratum of Turkic toponymy in South Siberia, superimposed on chronologically earlier strata. Thus, the hydronymy of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin and the adjacent areas suggests that prior to the arrival of the Turkic-speaking population, this territory was inhabited by Samoyedic peoples, which have produced numerous river names with determinant -v, correlating with the Samoyed dialectal lexemes of bi, bu, bü ‘water’: Anbu, Buiba, Erba, Irba, Karasiba, Kolba, Salba, Seiba, Taiba, Tebe, Tuba, Holba, Chorba, etc. Apart from those, Southern Siberia was also home for the speakers of Ugric languages, who left a number of names with the component -as/-es either as a stem (Askhys, Essuh) or the determinant (Albas, Izbas, Saras). The picture is further complicated by the presence of place names of presumably Indo-European (Eastern Iranian) origin, in particular, river hydronyms with formants -dan /-dyan, -ir, -kem, -man: Sheldian; Algair, Koir; Akem, Bertkem; Chulyshman, Shashikman, Yaloman, and others. The author assumes that in the distant past the Iranians could have reached Altai, so the Indo-European elements could be transferred by the Turkic peoples to other South Siberian territories. The toponymy of Southern Siberia is thus a valuable source for reconstructing the ancient history of the region and an important resource for popularizing the historical and cultural heritage. The prospective study of the toponymy of Southern Siberia relates to building toponymic models reflecting the culture of indigenous ethnic groups. Keywords: regional toponymy, hydronyms, historical and cultural heritage, Uralic languages, Altaic languages, Yeniseian languages, Southern Siberia, the Republic of Khakassia References Alpatov, V. V. (2012). Kompleksnaia model’ motivatsii toponimov [A Comprehensive Model of Toponymic Motivation]. In E. L. Berezovich (Ed.), Etnolingvistika. Onomastika. Etimologiia [Ethnolinguistics. Onomastics. Etymology] (Vol. 1, pp. 63–64). Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta. Atamanov, M. G. (1996). Toponimicheskie plasty Kamsko-Viatskogo mezhdurech’ia v kontekste formirovaniia etnicheskoi territorii udmurtov [Toponymic Formations of the Kama-Vyatka Interfluve in the Context of the Formation of the Ethnic Territory of the Udmurt] (scholarly paper presented as a habilitation dissertation). Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola. Berezovich, E. L. (2007). Iazyk i traditsionnaia kuľtura: Etnolingvisticheskie issledovaniia [Language and the Traditional Culture: Ethnolinguistic Studies]. Moscow: Indrik. Burykin, A. A. (2011). Inoiazychnaia onomastika russkikh dokumentov XVII–XIX vv., otnosiashchikhsia k otkrytiiu i osvoeniiu Sibiri i Daľnego Vostoka Rossii, kak istoricheskii istochnik [Foreign Language Onomastics of Russian Documents of the 17th–19th Centuries Relating to the Discovery and Development of Siberia and the Far East of Russia, as a Historical Source] (habilitation dissertation). The Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia. Butanaev, V. Ya. (1995). Toponimicheskii slovar’ Khakassko-Minusinskogo kraia [Toponymic Dictionary of the Khakass-Minusinsk Region]. Abakan: Izd-vo Khakas. gos. un-ta. Dmitrieva, T. N. (2005). Toponimiia basseina reki Kazym [The Toponymy of the Kazym River Basin]. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta. Dulzon, A. P. (1959). Tiurki Chulyma i ikh otnoshenie k khakasam [Chulym Turks and their Relation to the Khakas]. Uchenye zapiski Khakasskogo nauchno-issledovateľskogo instituta iazyka, literatury i istorii, 7, 93–102. Dybo, A. V. (2017). Ob etimologicheskikh paralleliakh v grammatike altaiskikh iazykov [About Etymological Parallels in the Grammar of the Altaic Languages]. In K. Moldokasymov (Ed.), Mezhdunarodnyi forum “Altaiskaia tsivilizatsiia i rodstvennye narody altaiskoi iazykovoi sem’i”: sb. vystuplenii i statei, posviashchennykh istorii narodov, imeiushchikh obshchie altaiskie istorikokuľturnye i etnogeneticheskie korni [International Forum “The Altaic Civilization and Related Peoples of the Altaic Language Family”: Materials on the History of Peoples Having Common Historical, Cultural and Ethnogenetic Roots Related to Altai (Bishkek, Cholpon-Ata, July 20–22, 2017) (pp. 751–761). Bishkek: Turar. Helimsky, E. A. (1996). Ocherk istorii samodiiskikh narodov [Essay on the History of Samoyedic Peoples]. In G. Nanovsky (Ed.), Finno-ugorskii mir (Spravochnik po istorii, kul’ture i iazyku) [The Finno-Ugric World (Handbook of History, Culture and Language)] (pp. 101–115). Budapest; Moscow: [s.n.]. Kelmakov, V. K. (1997). [Review of the habilitation dissertation Toponymic Formations of the Kama-Vyatka Interfluve in the Context of the Formation of the Ethnic Territory of the Udmurt, by M. G. Atamanov]. Linguistica Uralica, 3, 234–237. Kyzlasov, L. R. (1959). K voprosu ob etnogeneze khakasov [On the Ethnogenesis of the Khakas]. Uchenye zapiski Khakasskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta iazyka, literatury i istorii, 7, 70–92. Molchanova, O. T. (1979). Toponimicheskii slovar’ Gornogo Altaia [The Toponymic Dictionary of the Altai Mountains Region]. Gorno-Altaisk: Gorno-Alt. kn. izd-vo. Normanskaya, Yu. V. (2011). Verifikatsiia lokalizatsii tiurkskikh prarodin na osnovanii sopostavleniia lingvisticheskikh i arkheologicheskikh dannykh o komplekse vooruzheniia tiurok [Verification of the Localization of the Turkic Urheimats Based on the Studies of Linguistic and Archaeological Data of the Turks Armament]. Uralo-altaiskie issledovaniia, 1, 34–56. Ondar, B. K. (2004). Toponimicheskii slovar’ Tuvy [The Toponymic Dictionary of Tuva]. Abakan: Izd-vo Khakas. gos. un-ta. Rozen, M. F., & Maloletko, A. M. (1986). Geograficheskie terminy Zapadnoi Sibiri [Geographical Terms of Western Siberia]. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom. un-ta. Sunchugashev, R. D. (2009). Toponimiia Khakasii [Toponymy of Khakassia]. Abakan: Khakas. kn. izd-vo. Vorontsova, O. P., & Galkin, I. S. (2002). Toponimika Respubliki Marii El: Istoriko-etimologicheskii analiz [The Toponymy of Mari-El Republic: Historical and Etymological Analysis]. Yoshkar-Ola: Izd-vo Mar. poligrafkombinata. |
 |
