ВОПРОСЫ ОНОМАСТИКИ | PROBLEMS OF ONOMASTICS

Juan Luis García Alonso
University of Salamanca
Salamanca, Spain

Mount Parnassos and the Labyrinth: From Korinthos to Knossos, from Zakynthos to Halicarnassus

Вопросы ономастики. 2023. Т. 20. № 2. С. 9–40 (на англ. яз.)
DOI: 10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.2.014

Рукопись поступила в редакцию 29.09.2022
Рукопись принята к печати 15.03.2023

Аннотация: В статье предпринимается анализ греческих имен собственных на *-nthos- и *-ssos/*-ttos, которые рассматриваются в контексте языковых контактов между допротогреческими народами, прибывшими в Грецию, и уже существовавшим там догреческим населением. Уточняется ряд лингвистических понятий, в частности термины допротогреческий, протогреческий, общегреческий и догреческий. После обзора основных гипотез относительно времени проникновения носителей допротогреческого языка в Грецию автор обсуждает роль догреческого субстрата в формировании протогреческого языка, ставшего результатом языкового сдвига, и проводит предварительный анализ протогреческого языка (языков) на основе имеющихся (весьма ограниченных) данных, используя в качестве основного источника имена собственные. Эти данные позволяют предполагать, что фонологическая структура догреческих смычных согласных (в частности, тот факт, что унаследованные аспирированные звонкие отражаются в греческом как аспирированные глухие) может свидетельствовать о влиянии догреческого субстратного языка, чья лингвистическая атрибуция породила несколько противоречащих друг другу гипотез и множество сомнений. Несмотря на то, что анатолийская гипотеза имеет множество сторонников, гипотеза о неиндоевропейском характере догреческого кажется более предпочтительной. Рассмотрев доиндоевропейские гипотезы Бекеса, Факкетти, Схрейвера, автор делает вывод о возможных совпадениях догреческой и этрусской фонологических систем, а также возможных следствиях этого. Так, рассматривается недавнее наблюдение Схрейвера о том, будто язык минойцев может быть отдаленно связан с хаттским языком, что способно стать фундаментом для альтернативного объяснения топонимических совпадений между двумя регионами: они могли иметь общий доиндоевропейский субстрат.

Ключевые слова: догреческая и греческая ономастика; праиндоевропейский язык; доиндоевропейский субстрат; допротогреческий язык; протогреческий язык; догреческая топонимия; анатолийские языки; этрусский язык; хаттский язык

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